What is the difference between decoding and comprehension?

Decoding and comprehension are distinct processes involved in reading. Decoding refers specifically to the ability to translate text into spoken language by recognizing words and understanding the relationships between letters and sounds. This skill is crucial for identifying words and involves phonemic awareness, phonics, and word recognition.

On the other hand, comprehension is the process of understanding and making sense of the meaning behind the words that have been decoded. It encompasses the ability to recall information, infer meanings, and integrate new knowledge with existing knowledge. Effective comprehension requires background knowledge, vocabulary skills, and the ability to think critically about the text.

In summary, while decoding focuses on the mechanics of reading—how to pronounce and recognize words—comprehension is concerned with what those words mean and how they fit into the larger context of the text.